Passkeys are a passwordless sign-in method based on public-key cryptography. Instead of typing a password, you approve a login using a trusted device (for example with Face ID, Touch ID, or a device PIN).
A passkey is usually stored in a device keychain or a hardware-backed security module. The service receives a public key, while the private key stays on your devices.
Why it matters for account recovery
Passkeys change recovery because the device and the cloud sync account (Apple ID, Google account, or password manager vault) often become part of the control plane. If you lose the device or lose access to the sync account, recovery can be harder than a password reset.
They can also reduce the most common takeover path: credential phishing and password reuse. That tends to shift attackers toward session theft, social engineering, and recovery channel compromise.
Common failure modes and misconceptions
- Device loss without a backup path: If you only enrolled one device, a lost phone can turn into a lockout. Treat passkey enrollment as a multi-device setup task.
- Assuming passkeys remove all phishing risk: Passkeys reduce classic credential phishing, but attackers can still pressure you into approving a sign-in, or steal an existing session on a compromised device.
- Cloud sync compromise: If the account that syncs your passkeys is compromised, the attacker may gain a path to your enrolled devices and recovery signals.
Safe best practices
- Enroll at least two devices, or enroll both a device and a backup method, so device loss does not become a lockout.
- Protect your primary email and phone number with strong authentication (see two-factor authentication (2FA)).
- Prefer phishing-resistant options where available, including security keys for high-risk accounts.
- Review account recovery methods after enabling passkeys. Weak recovery can bypass strong sign-in.
Related terms
Related guides
- How to protect your online information
- Been hacked? What to do first
- How to secure your PlayStation Network (PSN) account
Passkeys are a meaningful improvement when you treat enrollment and recovery as part of security. The win is fewer password-driven takeovers, not fewer decisions.